LM authentication protocol

 The LM authentication protocol, also known as LAN Manager and LANMAN, was invented by IBM and used extensively by Microsoft operating systems prior to NT 4.0. It uses a password encrypting technology that is now considered insecure.


LM works by creating a "hash" of your password, as follows:

Breaking the password into seven-character chunks: If the password length is not a multiple of seven (i.e., 7, 14, 21, 28...), LM pads the remainder of each chunk with zeroes to make it a full seven bytes long. For example, a ten-letter-long password would be divided into a seven-character-long chunk and a three-character-long one, and the smaller one would have zeroes added to it to push it up to seven characters.

Mapping all lowercase letters into uppercase: For example, Dog becomes DOG.
Encrypting each chunk: LM uses each chunk as a 56-bit DES (a standardized cipher standard) key to encrypt the following string: KGS!@#$%.
Concatenating those strings (i.e., linking them end-to-end).

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